Connecticut State Senate

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Connecticut State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Democrat
Session start:   February 7, 2024
Session end:   May 8, 2024
Term length:   2 years
Term limits:   None
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant[1]
Salary:   $40,000/year
Members
Total:  36
Democrats:  24
Republicans:  12
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Susan Bysiewicz (D)
Maj. Leader:   Bob Duff (D)
Min. Leader:   Stephen Harding Jr. (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 5, 2024

The Connecticut State Senate is the upper chamber of the Connecticut General Assembly. Alongside the Connecticut House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Connecticut state government and works alongside the governor of Connecticut to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Connecticut State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Connecticut State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Hartford, Connecticut.

  • All 36 Connecticut Senate seats are up for election in 2024.
  • All 36 Connecticut Senate seats were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Democratic majority increased from 23-13 to 24-12.

  • Connecticut has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

    • This page contains the following information on the Connecticut State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Connecticut State Senate as of April 2024:

    Party As of April 2024
         Democratic Party 24
         Republican Party 12
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 36

    Members

    Leadership

    The lieutenant governor serves as the presiding officer of the Senate, while the Senate president pro tempore, majority, and minority leaders act as legislative leaders.[2]

    Leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Connecticut State Senate District 1 John Fonfara Democratic 1997
    Connecticut State Senate District 2 Douglas McCrory Democratic 2017
    Connecticut State Senate District 3 Saud Anwar Democratic March 1, 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 4 MD Rahman Democratic January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 5 Derek Slap Democratic March 1, 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 6 Rick Lopes Democratic January 6, 2021
    Connecticut State Senate District 7 John Kissel Republican 1993
    Connecticut State Senate District 8 Lisa Seminara Republican January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 9 Matthew L. Lesser Democratic 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 10 Gary Winfield Democratic February 28, 2014
    Connecticut State Senate District 11 Martin Looney Democratic 1993
    Connecticut State Senate District 12 Christine Cohen Democratic 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 13 Jan Hochadel Democratic January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 14 James Maroney Democratic 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 15 Joan Hartley Democratic 2001
    Connecticut State Senate District 16 Robert C. Sampson Republican January 9, 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 17 Jorge Cabrera Democratic January 6, 2021
    Connecticut State Senate District 18 Heather Somers Republican 2017
    Connecticut State Senate District 19 Catherine Osten Democratic January 9, 2013
    Connecticut State Senate District 20 Martha Marx Democratic January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 21 Kevin C. Kelly Republican January 5, 2011
    Connecticut State Senate District 22 Marilyn Moore Democratic January 7, 2015
    Connecticut State Senate District 23 Herron Gaston Democratic January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 24 Julie Kushner Democratic 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 25 Bob Duff Democratic 2005
    Connecticut State Senate District 26 Ceci Maher Democratic January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 27 Patricia Miller Democratic March 8, 2021
    Connecticut State Senate District 28 Tony Hwang Republican January 7, 2015
    Connecticut State Senate District 29 Mae Flexer Democratic January 7, 2015
    Connecticut State Senate District 30 Stephen Harding, Jr. Republican January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 31 Henri Martin Republican January 7, 2015
    Connecticut State Senate District 32 Eric Berthel Republican March 3, 2017
    Connecticut State Senate District 33 Norm Needleman Democratic 2019
    Connecticut State Senate District 34 Paul Cicarella, Jr. Republican January 6, 2021
    Connecticut State Senate District 35 Jeff Gordon Republican January 4, 2023
    Connecticut State Senate District 36 Ryan Fazio Republican August 26, 2021


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $40,000/yearNo per diem is paid.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Connecticut legislators assume office the Wednesday following the first Monday of January after their election.[3]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article III, Section 3 of the Connecticut Constitution states: "The senate shall consist of not less than thirty and not more than fifty members, each of whom shall be an elector residing in the senatorial district from which he is elected. Each senatorial district shall be contiguous as to territory and shall elect no more than one senator."[4]

    Historical party control

    Democrats won control of the Connecticut State Senate in 1996. In 2022, they won a 24-12 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Connecticut Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Connecticut State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 20 17 19 19 21 21 24 24 24 23 22 21 18* 23 24 24
    Republicans 16 19 17 17 15 15 12 12 12 13 14 15 18 13 12 12
    * Democrats maintained effective control of the chamber because Lieutenant Gov. Nancy Wyman (D) could cast tie-breaking votes

    Before 1992

    There were eight elections between 1930 and 2022 where Republicans won control of the state Senate.


    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Connecticut was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 2011-2023
    • Republican trifecta: None
    • Divided government: 1992-2010

    Connecticut Party Control: 1992-2024
    Fourteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor I I I R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    Senate D D D R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Connecticut state senators serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. Connecticut holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2024

    See also: Connecticut State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for the Connecticut State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. The primary is August 13, 2024. The filing deadline is June 11, 2024.

    2022

    See also: Connecticut State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the Connecticut State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 9, 2022. The filing deadline was June 7, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Connecticut State Senate from 23-13 to 24-12.

    Connecticut State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 23 24
         Republican Party 13 12
    Total 36 36

    2020

    See also: Connecticut State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Connecticut State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 11, 2020. The filing deadline was June 11, 2020.

    In the 2020 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Connecticut State Senate from 22-14 to 24-12.

    Connecticut State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 22 24
         Republican Party 14 12
    Total 36 36

    2018

    See also: Connecticut State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Connecticut State Senate took place in 2018. A closed primary election took place on August 14, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was June 12, 2018.

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Connecticut State Senate from 18-18 to 23-13.

    Connecticut State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 18 23
         Republican Party 18 13
    Total 36 36

    2016

    See also: Connecticut State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Connecticut State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 9, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 7, 2016. All 36 seats in the Connecticut State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 21-15 majority. Republicans flipped three seats in the election to split the chamber at 18 seats a piece for both Democrats and Republicans. Even though the chamber was tied following the 2016 general election, Democrats did not lose their state government trifecta because Lt. Gov. Nancy Wyman (D) was the tie-breaker vote in the chamber.

    Connecticut State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 21 18[5]
         Republican Party 15 18
    Total 36 36

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Connecticut General Assembly, a special election must be conducted to fill the vacant seat. The governor must call for an election no later than 10 days after the vacancy happens. All special elections must be held no later than 46 days after a governor's declaration. If the vacancy occurs between the 125th day and the 49th day before the day of the regular election, the special election will be held on the same day as the general election. If a vacancy occurs after the 49th day before the general election but before the Wednesday following the first Monday of January of the next-succeeding year, the governor shall not call a special election unless the vacant position is that of a member-elect.[12]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Connecticut Gen. Stat. § 9-215

    District map

    See also: Connecticut state legislative districts

    The state of Connecticut has 36 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Connecticut

    In Connecticut, the state legislature is primarily responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Maps must be approved by a two-thirds vote in each chamber. If the state legislature is unable to approve new maps, a backup commission is convened to draw congressional and state legislative district boundaries. The commission consists of nine members. The four legislative leaders (i.e., the majority and minority leaders of each chamber of the legislature) appoint two members each. The ninth member is selected by the eight previously selected commissioners.[13][14]

    The Connecticut Constitution requires that all districts, whether congressional or state legislative, be contiguous. In addition, state House districts must "not divide towns except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements."[15]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Connecticut after the 2020 census

    The Connecticut Reapportionment Commission voted 8-0 in favor of new maps for the state's 151 House districts and 36 Senate districts on November 18 and November 23, 2021, respectively.[16][17] The commission, made up of four Democratic lawmakers, four Republican lawmakers, and a ninth member selected by the commissioners, took over the redistricting process after the previous Reapportionment Committee failed to meet its Sept. 15 deadline to select maps and win two-thirds approval from both chambers of the Connecticut General Assembly.[18] Census data was not delivered until Sept. 16. Unlike the committee, maps prepared by the Reapportionment Commission did not need to win approval from the General Assembly.[19] This map took effect for Connecticut's 2022 legislative elections.

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

    Connecticut State Senate Districts
    until January 3, 2023

    Click a district to compare boundaries.

    Connecticut State Senate Districts
    starting January 4, 2023

    Click a district to compare boundaries.


    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Connecticut after the 2010 census

    The U.S. Census Bureau shipped detailed information to Connecticut on March 10, 2011.[20] The legislature missed its September 15, 2011, deadline for creating new maps for the House and Senate, causing a back-up commission to take over writing the new maps. The redistricting commission approved the House and Senate maps before their November 30, 2011 deadline.[21][22]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Connecticut State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Connecticut by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Connecticut legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on February 7, 2024, and adjourn on May 8, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Connecticut legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 4, 2023, and adjourn on June 7, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Connecticut

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[71] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article III of the Connecticut Constitution establishes when the Connecticut State Legislature, which the Senate is a part of, is to be in session. Section 2 of Article III states that, in odd-numbered years, the Legislature shall convene its regular session on the Wednesday after the first Monday in January. Section 2 requires regular sessions in odd-numbered years to adjourn by the Wednesday after the first Monday in June.

    The Constitution does not establish when the Legislature is supposed to meet in even-numbered years, so these dates are established by law. In even-numbered years, the Legislature convenes on the Wednesday following the first Monday in February, pending the decision of the Legislature, and it must adjourn by the Wednesday after the first Monday in May.[72][73]

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-No party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Connecticut are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members present in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members present in both chambers must vote to override a veto. If all members are in attendance, this is 101 of the 151 members in the Connecticut House of Representatives and 24 of the 36 members in the Connecticut State Senate. Connecticut is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    According to Article III, Section 2 of the Connecticut Constitution, any bill that the governor vetoes after the legislature adjourns or that was vetoed during the session but not taken up by the legislature can be overridden at an automatic veto session called by the secretary of state. The automatic veto session occurs two weeks after the governor's bill signing period ends.

    Authority: Article IV, Section 15 of the Connecticut Constitution.

    "If the governor shall approve a bill, he shall sign and transmit it to the secretary of the state, but if he shall disapprove, he shall transmit it to the secretary with his objections, and the secretary shall thereupon return the bill with the governor's objections to the house in which it originated. After the objections shall have been entered on its journal, such house shall proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, that house shall again pass it, but by the approval of at least two-thirds of its members, it shall be sent with the objections to the other house, which shall also reconsider it. If approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the second house, it shall be a law and be transmitted to the secretary; but in such case the votes of each house shall be determined by yeas and nays and the names of the members voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Connecticut state budget and finances
    Connecticut on Public Policy Logo-one line-on Ballotpedia.png
    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[74]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in July.
    2. State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor in September.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in February.
    4. The legislature adopts a budget in May or June. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins on July 1.

    Connecticut is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[74][75]

    The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget. Likewise, the legislature must adopt a balanced budget.[74]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Connecticut state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. Unique among the 50 state legislatures, in Connecticut, all legislative committees are joint committees of the upper house and lower house. Permanent committees are authorized and required by state statute to be continued each session. No separate chamber committees are established. The Connecticut General Assembly has 25 joint committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Connecticut Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XII and Article XIII of the Connecticut Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Connecticut

    The Connecticut Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Connecticut requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments. Connecticut does not feature the power of initiative for either initiated constitutional amendments or initiated state statutes.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    In Connecticut, a constitutional amendment can be referred to the ballot after one legislative session or two legislative sessions depending on the vote count.

    When an amendment receives a 75% vote in both legislative chambers, the amendment goes on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 114 votes in the Connecticut House of Representatives and 27 votes in the Connecticut State Senate, assuming no vacancies.

    When an amendment receives a simple majority vote in both legislative chambers, the amendment must pass during two successive legislative sessions to go on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 76 votes in the Connecticut House of Representatives and 19 votes in the Connecticut State Senate, assuming no vacancies.

    Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XIII of the Connecticut Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 20 years starting in 1978. Connecticut is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.

    The table below shows the last and next automatic constitutional convention question election years:

    State Interval Last question on the ballot Next question on the ballot
    Connecticut 20 years 2008 2028

    The Legislature can also refer a constitutional convention question to the ballot. A two-thirds vote is required in each legislative chamber to refer a convention question to the ballot.

    Proposals adopted at a state constitutional convention require voter approval.



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

    No measures to list

    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

    See also: Connecticut 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

    No measures to list

    See also

    Elections Connecticut State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Connecticut State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ In Connecticut, the state legislature is primarily responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Maps must be approved by a two-thirds vote in each chamber. If the state legislature is unable to approve new maps, a backup commission is convened to draw congressional and state legislative district boundaries. The commission consists of nine members. The four legislative leaders (i.e., the majority and minority leaders of each chamber of the legislature) appoint two members each. The ninth member is selected by the eight previously selected commissioners.
    2. ↑ Connecticut General Assembly, "Glossary - Legislative Terms & Definitions," accessed February 10, 2021
    3. ↑ Connecticut Constitution, "Article Three, Section 10," accessed November 1, 2021
    4. ↑ Connecticut General Assembly, "Constitution of the State of Connecticut - Article 3, Section 3," accessed January 25, 2023
    5. ↑ Tie-breaking votes are cast by the lieutenant governor.
    6. ↑ Follow the Money: "Connecticut Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions"
    7. ↑ Follow the Money, "Connecticut 2008 Candidates," accessed July 5, 2013
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Connecticut 2006 Candidates," accessed July 5, 2013
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "Connecticut 2004 Candidates," accessed July 5, 2013
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "Connecticut 2002 Candidates," accessed July 5, 2013
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Connecticut 2000 Candidates," accessed July 5, 2013
    12. ↑ Connecticut General Assembly, "Connecticut General Statutes," accessed February 10, 2021 (Statute 9-215(a), Connecticut General Statutes)
    13. ↑ All About Redistricting, "Connecticut," accessed April 22, 2015
    14. ↑ Connecticut Constitution, "Article XXVI, Section 2.b," accessed April 22, 2015
    15. ↑ All About Redistricting, "Who draws the lines?" accessed March 25, 2015
    16. ↑ News 12 Connecticut, "CT Reapportionment Commission unanimously votes to approve new statewide house district map," Nov. 18, 2021
    17. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Redistricting Commission Tweaks Senate Map," Nov. 23, 2021
    18. ↑ The ninth member only votes in the event of a tie.
    19. ↑ Connecticut General Assembly, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed Oct. 12, 2021
    20. ↑ Raising Hale, "Census Bureau releases 2010 data for Connecticut," March 10, 2011
    21. ↑ Connecticut Mirror, "State legislative districts approved; congressional map goes to court," November 30, 2011
    22. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "Redistricting: House reaches deal, while Senate talks continue," November 28, 2011
    23. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Capitol Closed, Legislative Business Suspended Until March 30," March 12, 2020
    24. ↑ News 8, "Lawmakers postpone legislative activities until April 13 due to coronavirus pandemic," March 24, 2020
    25. ↑ Hartford Courant, "Coronavirus short-circuits Connecticut’s legislative session: 'All bills are probably dead,'" April 10, 2020
    26. ↑ Hartford Courant, "Coronavirus forces early adjournment of Connecticut’s legislative session," April 21, 2020
    27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Wall Street Journal, "Connecticut Budget Deal Unlikely Before July 18, Governor Says," July 5, 2017
    28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 The Connecticut Mirror, "House, Senate Democrats unable to agree on provisional budget," June 27, 2017
    29. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Budget Stalemate Causes Pain For Cities And Towns," July 30, 2017
    30. ↑ The Hartford Courant, Malloy's New State Education Aid Plan Cuts Or Eliminates Funding To 139 Municipalities," August 18, 2017
    31. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "State school aid: How would your town fare under Malloy’s plan?" August 18, 2017
    32. ↑ CT News Junkie, "General Assembly Fails To Convene To Pass 90-Day Budget," June 29, 2017
    33. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Malloy Says Budget Could Be Delayed Until Fall," July 26, 2017
    34. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Malloy Urges House Leaders To Approve Temporary Budget Plan As Deadline Looms," June 28, 2017
    35. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "As House Republicans Present Budget Plans, Democrats Hopeful Of Deal By Late July," July 11, 2017
    36. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Up Next? A $3.5 Billion Budget Deficit," August 1, 2017
    37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 The Hartford Courant, "With Deadline Looming, Malloy Signs Portions of the Budget Bill," October 31, 2017
    38. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "House gives final approval to CT budget fix," November 15, 2017
    39. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Connecticut State Senate Approves Changes To State Budget," November 14, 2017
    40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 The Hartford Courant, "Senate Overwhelmingly Backs Bipartisan State Budget, House Votes Later Thursday," October 26, 2017
    41. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "House Approves Bipartisan Budget With Veto-Proof Majority," October 26, 2017
    42. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Gov. Malloy Says Newly-Adopted State Budget Contains $1 Billion Error," October 26, 2017
    43. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Connecticut Legislators Announce Another Budget Deal That General Assembly May Vote on Wednesday," October 24, 2017
    44. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Republicans, Democrats Agree On Compromise Budget, But Malloy Hasn't Seen It," October 18, 2017
    45. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Wall Street Sends Connecticut A Warning," October 13, 2017
    46. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Wall Street Issues Connecticut Another Warning," October 16, 2017
    47. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Moody's: State Budget Crisis Threatens Financial Health Of Dozens Of Connecticut Municipalities," October 16, 2017
    48. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "House Chooses Not to Bring Budget Veto Override to a Vote," October 3, 2017
    49. ↑ NBC Connecticut, "Schools Bracing for October 1 After Budget Vetoed," September 29, 2017
    50. ↑ Reuters, "Connecticut's deep spending cuts in effect as new deadline passes," October 1, 2017
    51. ↑ Fox Business, "Connecticut's Biggest Teachers Union Sues State Over Spending Cuts," October 11, 2017
    52. ↑ Education Law Center, "Connecticut," accessed October 12, 2017
    53. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "Malloy vetoes budget, seeks ‘honest dialogue’," September 28, 2017
    54. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Both House and Senate Approve GOP Budget; Malloy Vows Veto," September 16, 2017
    55. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Senate Votes In Favor Of Republican Budget Proposal, Bill Sent To House," September 15, 2017
    56. ↑ CT News Junkie, "With 5 More Democrat Votes, House Forwards GOP Budget to Malloy; Veto Expected," September 16, 2017
    57. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Connecticut At A Turning Point As Republicans Gain Upper Hand In Budget Crisis," September 17, 2017
    58. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Wyman Casts Tiebreaking Vote To Approve Union Concessions Deal," July 31, 2017
    59. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "House Narrowly Approves State Worker Labor Concessions," July 24, 2017
    60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 The Hartford Courant, "Employee Unions Endorse Concession Deal by Huge Margin, 83 to 17 Percent," July 18, 2017
    61. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Unions Ratify Labor Savings, General Assembly Up Next," July 18, 2017
    62. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Wage Contracts Released To Republicans," July 19, 2017
    63. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Malloy Says Lawmakers Need To ‘Check Their Egos At the Door’," July 17, 2017
    64. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Down To The Wire, Republican Leader’s Request For Contracts Is Ignored," July 18, 2017
    65. ↑ The Hartford Courant "Connecticut 4th Most Unionized State," January 27, 2017
    66. ↑ The Register Citizen, "Connecticut budget deficit, transportation among top session issues," January 4, 2015
    67. ↑ Washington Examiner, "Expected issues for 2014 Conn. legislative session," February 2, 2014
    68. ↑ ctmirror.org, "Winners and Losers from the 2013 legislative session," June 6, 2013
    69. ↑ ncsl.org, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed April 22, 2015
    70. ↑ Stateline, "Connecticut governor, lawmakers agree to package of tax hikes," April 21, 2011
    71. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    72. ↑ Connecticut General Assembly, "Session Scheduling Rules," accessed April 22, 2015
    73. ↑ Ballotpedia, "Article III, Connecticut Constitution," accessed April 22, 2015(Article III, Section 2)
    74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    75. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
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