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New York City Delays Start of School to Ready for In-Person Classes

The system’s 1.1 million children will not return to school until Sept. 21.

Agreeing to a major demand from the teachers’ union, Mayor Bill de Blasio said the city would require monthly, random testing of students and staff.Credit...John Minchillo/Associated Press

Of all the challenges that Mayor Bill de Blasio faced in his push to reopen the nation’s largest school system in a pandemic, the city’s powerful teachers’ union presented the most formidable obstacle, threatening an illegal strike as soon as this week.

But after a flurry of late-night negotiations, the mayor reached a deal early Tuesday with unions representing teachers and principals, clearing the path for New York City to become the only major school district in America to welcome children back into classrooms this fall.

The city’s 1.1 million schoolchildren will now start both remote and in-person classes on Sept. 21, 10 days later than originally scheduled.

The new timeline gives educators more time to prepare for the country’s most closely watched reopening effort, and provides the mayor with a longer runway to pull off one of the most ambitious, and riskiest, city initiatives in decades.

“For the nation’s largest school system to come together in unity and say, we are going to get it right, and it won’t always be easy and there’ll be tough moments along the way, but we’re going to get it right — that’s a statement,” Mr. de Blasio said during a morning news conference.

Seated beside the mayor was Michael Mulgrew, the influential leader of the United Federation of Teachers, who just a few hours earlier had been publicly warning of a strike. With a deal in place, Mr. Mulgrew considerably shifted his tone, declaring “that the New York City public schools system has the most aggressive policies and safeguards of any school system in America.”

But Tuesday’s announcement did not ease the difficulties Mr. de Blasio and the unions still face.

While the city has made progress in distributing personal protective equipment to schools, hiring nurses for every school building and upgrading ventilation systems in classrooms, that work is far from complete. And even with the extra time, principals will need to scramble to address the staffing issues necessary to create two complementary versions of school, one in-person and one online.

Now that the city has agreed to a number of union demands, the onus will fall again on the city’s educators to actually make the reopening plan work. Many principals have spent the last few weeks inside their school buildings, preparing for students.

The announcement followed weeks of escalating pressure from union leaders, elected officials, teachers and principals who said they would not be ready to reopen as planned on Sept. 10. The city’s teachers’ union, which has not staged a strike in nearly half a century, was poised to authorize its 75,000 members to walk off the job.

Agreeing to a major union demand, Mr. de Blasio said the city would require monthly, random testing of between 10 and 20 percent of students and staff in all city school buildings starting in October, with results ready within 48 hours. Students and staff members who refuse to get tested will not be allowed in school buildings.

Teachers will report to schools as scheduled next week, and will start meeting with children virtually to review health and safety rules and ensure that all their students have devices for remote learning.

The deal was announced about a week before school was scheduled to begin, leaving working families already desperate for clarity about schools with little time to rearrange their schedules.

Still, if the mayor succeeds in bringing many of New York’s children back into classrooms, he will stand apart from every other big-city mayor in America, all of whom have opted to start the school year remote-only, as the virus has surged in their cities and political opposition to reopening has intensified.

Earlier this summer, large urban school districts from Los Angeles and Chicago abandoned or reversed their plans to offer in-person instruction, and said they would re-evaluate when the virus was better contained in their cities. Scores of rural and suburban districts have also started the year with fully remote classes.

By some estimates, half of America’s children will spend a large chunk of the fall learning remotely. If New York succeeds in its venture, its reopening process could be followed by other cities; if it fails, it could be a template for what to avoid.

The stakes of the reopening endeavor in New York pushed the mayor and union leaders to start negotiating in earnest over the weekend, with the school start date and testing protocol for students and staff left as the two major outstanding issues.

City Hall staff members exchanged emails, some with 60 responses each, between 4:30 and 7 a.m. on Tuesday. At around 8 a.m., the mayor called the union leaders and asked them to come to City Hall for a final meeting.

The frenzy of late-night talks were in keeping with the last few frantic weeks of preparation, and understandably so: The push to reopen schools, which is crucial for New York City’s economic recovery, has been an enormous effort.

The schools chancellor, Richard A. Carranza, began a recent memo to principals with a reminder of the tremendous pressure that the administration was under. “There are many things that keep me up at night,” he wrote. Mr. Carranza had begun a virtual meeting with parents the other evening at 6 p.m. and finished just before 4 a.m.

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Students will return to classrooms that have been transformed to accommodate social distancing protocols.Credit...Pool photo by Jeenah Moon

The mayor pushed his team by arguing that the system’s mostly low-income, Black and Latino students urgently needed in-person classes, an assertion widely supported by education experts.

New York has an enormous population of vulnerable public schoolchildren who have been largely failed by remote learning: About 750,000 public schoolchildren in New York City are poor, roughly 200,000 have disabilities and 114,000 are homeless.

But the mayor’s insistence that schools would be ready to reopen as originally scheduled on Sept. 10 frustrated many teachers and principals, who said they did not believe Mr. de Blasio understood the depth of the challenges they faced on the ground.

Officials have vowed to distribute four million face masks, 3.5 million bottles of hand sanitizer and 80,000 containers of disinfectant wipes. More than 3,500 electrostatic sprayers — special equipment that has been used on the subway — are being deployed to disinfect surfaces.

But getting personal protective gear and sufficient soap and hand sanitizer into the city’s public school buildings is only a first step.

Teachers raised concerns about ventilation in aging school buildings and said they did not understand how often they or their students should be tested.

Beyond safety concerns, educators said they did not know how many children would actually report to school, or how many staff they would have to teach students in the building and online.

Under the mayor’s plan, most children will report to school between one and three days a week, and have online classes the other days. They will return to classrooms that have been transformed since they left suddenly in March.

Desks will be spaced six feet apart, so most classes will have only nine or 10 children at a time, about a third of the typical capacity. Students, teachers and other staff will be required to wear masks all day, except for a quick lunch period held in classrooms.

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The schools chancellor, Richard A. Carranza, left, and Mayor Bill de Blasio have prioritized upgrading school ventilation systems before classes resume. Credit...Pool photo by Bebeto Matthews

Many hallways will be marked with signs indicating where students should line up to maintain distance in hallways and bathrooms. Windows will be open, even during cold and rainy days, to allow for more fresh air.

The research on school reopening in places with similarly low virus transmission rates largely bolsters the mayor’s decision to welcome children back into classrooms. Research from Europe has shown that schools can successfully open as long as the virus is contained in their region and families understand there will be some unavoidable turbulence.

New York City has so far defied predictions of a second wave of the outbreak. In recent days, the positivity rate for virus tests has hovered around only 0.6 percent, far lower than the national average. Mr. de Blasio has said schools will not reopen, or will automatically close, if the citywide average positivity rate reaches 3 percent.

Public health experts generally agree that the city’s schools can reopen, as long as adequate testing and strict safety measures are in place.

Reopening schools could also help stabilize the economy. Nearly 70 percent of employers ranked the reopening as one of the three most important issues determining their employees’ return to the office, according to a recent survey conducted by a business group, the Partnership for New York City.

Still, a broad coalition of elected officials and parent groups had called on the mayor to delay the start of school by at least a week, joining the teachers’ and principals’ unions and more than two dozen City Council members. The Council speaker, Corey Johnson, and Jumaane Williams, the city’s public advocate, had also sought a postponement.

Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo had also cast doubt on the mayor’s decision, at one point saying he was unsure he would send his daughters if they were still of school age. Mr. Cuomo has said all schools in the state can reopen, but has been conspicuously absent from the push to reopen schools in New York City.

On Monday, Mr. Cuomo said he expected the turbulent experience of colleges — many of which have had to at least temporarily shelve their in-person education plans, following outbreaks — to be “replicated” by the state’s schools.

“I think you will see K-to-12, just like colleges, they’ll have a plan, they’ll open, and that you will see a certain number that close,” Mr. Cuomo said.

No New York City mayor has faced this much pressure over a single decision in the last century, said Wilbur C. Rich, a professor emeritus at Wellesley College who has written two books on mayoral politics.

“I hope he can pull it off, but I really think that it’s going to be very difficult,” Professor Rich said. “If it collapses on him, that’s going to be his legacy — he’s the guy who sent these kids back to schools.”

White parents are more willing to send their children back into classrooms than parents of color, according to a recent poll conducted by The Education Trust, a research group. About 34 percent of city parents have already decided to keep their children at home full time, and that number is almost certain to climb over the next few weeks.

Still, over 600,000 families are tentatively planning to send their children back into schools later this month.

“Having all of the major parties come to the table and work out an agreement that will help New York’s children and families is a big deal,” said Rebecca Kirszner Katz, a parent of two public school children and a former mayoral adviser who has frequently criticized the mayor this year. “De Blasio has become a punching bag for months, but this is arguably one of his best moments, and now we just have to hope this works.”

Eliza Shapiro is a reporter covering New York City education. She joined The Times in 2018. Eliza grew up in New York City and attended public and private schools in Manhattan and Brooklyn. More about Eliza Shapiro

Dana Rubinstein is a reporter on the Metro Desk covering New York City politics. Before joining The Times in 2020, she spent nine years at the publication now known as Politico New York. More about Dana Rubinstein

Emma G. Fitzsimmons is the City Hall bureau chief, covering politics in New York City. She previously covered the transit beat and breaking news. More about Emma G. Fitzsimmons

A version of this article appears in print on  , Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: New York Delays Opening School As Unions Balk. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe

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